Monday, December 17, 2012

O Antiphons


"O Wisdom, O holy Word of God, you govern all creation with your strong yet gentle care.  Come and show your people the way to salvation." 
The “Seven Marian Antiphons” are a setting of the “O Antiphons” of the Roman Catholic liturgy which are short verses sung before the Magnificat for Evening Prayer of the seven days preceding the vigil of Christmas.  Called the “O Antiphons” because each begins with the interjection “O”, their opening words are: O Sapientia, O Adonai, O Radix Jesse, O Clavis David, O Oriens, O Rex Gentium, O Emmanuel.  Each is addressed to Christ under one of his Scriptural titles and each concludes with a petition to the coming Lord.  An interesting acrostic occurs when the first letter of each invocation is taken in reverse order: ERO CRAS.  The phrase spells out the response of Christ to the heartfelt prayer of his people:  “Tomorrow I will be there.”  In the ninth century, the antiphons were reworked into the familiar hymn: Veni, Veni, Emmanuel (O Come, O Come Emmanuel)

 Background information

The Divine Office (Liturgy of the Hours) is a collection of prayer services which take place at various times throughout the day.  The idea is the sanctification of all time.  Clerics in the Catholic Church make a promise to pray the hours at the time of their ordination. 

Prior to the reforms of the Second Vatican Council the Divine Office had a primarily monastic form.  The various hours of the day (e.g., Lauds, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers, etc.) were solemnized by the chanting of psalms, the proclamation of Scripture, and the chanting of various Scriptural canticles.  Prayers for the needs of the Church and the world are included in some of the Hours.

In the Vatican II reforms, the Office was simplified for use by the diocesan clergy.  However, the structure was maintained: Invitatory, Hymn, Psalmody, Scripture, Responsory, Magnificat with its antiphon, Intercessions, The Lord’s Prayer and Concluding Prayer and Blessing.  Night Prayer also includes a concluding Marian Hymn (e.g., Salve Regina, Regina Coeli, Ave Maria).

The last several years have seen an increase in communal celebrations of the Liturgy of the Hours, especially Morning and Evening Prayer.  Many parishes offer Vespers to celebrate special occasions.  (In Winona, we celebrate Morning Prayer on the three days of the Paschal Triduum (Holy Thursday, Good Friday, Holy Saturday) on which Masses other than those prescribed for the Triduum are forbidden).  Parish vespers often follow a more ceremonial form of the Office which is rooted in the Cathedral Vespers of ancient times.  This often includes an opening light ceremony (Lucenarium) and thanksgiving for the light and the use of incense and more formal vestments.

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